Iodine, also known as iodine, is an essential trace mineral that the human body cannot synthesize on its own. Although only needed in very small amounts, iodine plays an extremely important role in health, especially thyroid function. However, like any other nutrient, iodine supplementation also needs to be taken in the right dosage to avoid dangerous side effects.

The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which regulate metabolism, body temperature, heart rate, and overall development of the body.

2. ** Enhance brain development in fetuses and infants **
Iodine is especially important for pregnant women because deficiency can lead to congenital hypothyroidism in children, causing mental and physical retardation.

3. ** Improve cognition **
Some studies show that iodine supplementation improves cognitive function, especially in young children living in areas with severe iodine deficiency.

4. **Boosts the immune system**
Iodine has mild antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping the body fight certain disease-causing microorganisms.

– **Iodine Deficiency**:

– Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
– Hypothyroidism (fatigue, weight gain, depression, cold hands and feet)
– Cognitive impairment, especially in children
– Menstrual cycle disorders in women

– **Iodine Excess**:
– Thyrotoxicosis, leading to hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis
– Rash, acne
– Stomach irritation and digestive disorders
– Severe cases can cause anaphylactic shock (rare)

– Iodized salt (supplemented with iodine)
– Seaweed (nori, wakame, kombu) – extremely rich in iodine
– Fish and seafood
– Milk and dairy products
– Eggs

– **Pregnant and breastfeeding women**: have higher iodine needs due to providing for both mother and fetus.
– **Vegetarians, vegans**: often lack natural sources of iodine.
– **People living in iodine-poor areas**: mountainous and remote areas.

The World Health Organization recommends the following daily iodine intake:

– Adults: 150 mcg
– Pregnant women: 220-250 mcg
– Children: 90-120 mcg depending on age

The use of iodine supplements should be prescribed by a doctor or nutritionist, especially if you have thyroid problems.

Iodine is a small mineral but has a big impact on human health. Both iodine deficiency and excess can cause serious consequences. Maintaining a balanced iodine intake through a healthy diet and proper use of iodized salt is the best way to protect thyroid health and brain development, especially in children and pregnant women.

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